Modular, battery-based energy storage systems (ESS) play a key role in green energy ecosystems. With second-life batteries, up to 80% of retired batteries can be recycled for grid services, extending their lifetime to 15 years. However, these systems must overcome the challenges of different battery module stacks that transfer energy to a central AC or DC bus via power converters. However, the different chemical properties, capacities and ageing profiles of the individual modules affect the overall capacity of the stack. To solve this problem, a common intermediate DC bus is used together with individual DC converters that can isolate the energy from each module and transmit it bidirectionally.

Download this white paper to learn more:

• The benefits of dedicated digital controllers for power conversion applications

• Insights into efficient energy conversion models and simulation techniques

• How a dedicated digital controller optimizes reverse power transfer (RPT)

• Practical guide: Experimental setup and tests to validate the RPT concept.